Reproductive sterility in aquaculture: A review of induction methods and an emerging approach with application to Pacific Northwest finfish species

Abstract Aquaculture is the fastest‐growing food‐production sector and striving to become a long‐term sustainable approach meet rising global demand for seafood. During expansion advancement of aquaculture, minimizing ecological impacts should occur concomitantly with maximizing production. Farmed fish, often genetically distinct from their natural conspecifics, may pose significant risks genetic contamination imbalance wild populations if they escape aquaculture confinement. Growing reproductively sterile fish most effective way contain farmed fish. Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) events in ‘Pacific Northwest’ region United States Canada have raised alarms over potential led legislation Washington State phasing out culture non‐native finfish species. Farming native species such as coho Oncorhynchus kisutch sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria Pacific Northwest would ease public concerns promote environmentally economically aquaculture. Sterile also can mitigate challenge precocious maturation, prominent issue associated salmonids many other species, improve somatic growth, flesh quality health welfare. Here, we review methods having applications producing introduce our novel immersion‐based technology that temporarily silences dead end dnd gene using Morpholino oligonucleotides produce first time. The successful induction sterility these two iconic without introducing modifications use this sterilization more worldwide.